How the US-Israel war with Iran is reshaping Africa

Iran’s presence in Africa dates back to Indian Ocean trade networks in the 16th century. From the 1960s onwards, trade ties were modernized and intensified under the country’s last shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. These relations continued under the rule of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini after he seized power in 1979 and established an Islamic republic. And they continue to