LGUs rely heavily on casual labor for frontline services, CSC data show

MANILA, Philippines — A significant share of frontline government work in the Philippines depends on employees without permanent appointments, according to an analysis of Civil Service Commission (CSC) data by University of the Philippines Diliman professor and Inquirer data scientist Dr. Rogelio Alicor Panao. Non-career personnel account for about 225,438 workers, or 10.74 percent, of